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Breast cancer causes its treatment and diagnosis, diagnostic methods used

Symptoms

In drawing of skin over the tumor . Determined at the examination. The causes of the symptom – pulling of subcutaneous tissue to the tumor.

Symptom of “lemon peel” – change of the skin at which pores become conspicuous, marked swelling of the skin.

Signs

Deformation of the breast

Ulcer on the skin of the breast – Evidence of sprouting tumor, appearance of ulcer on skin is a symptom of advanced tumors

In drawing nipple

Reddening of the skin of the breast - In malignant breast tumors indicates that most of the lesions of the breast. It is an evidence of advanced tumors

Irritation of the skin nipple peeling

Swelling of the breast – May occur due to lesions of the breast tissue, outflow of fluid takes place as the auxiliary lymph nodes fails to function. It is an evidence of advanced tumors.

The increase in the auxiliary lymph nodes

Diagnostic methods

Ultrasound

What is an ultrasound?

Ultrasound – ultrasound is a method of forming an image from reflected ultrasonic waves from objects. Changing characteristics of ultrasonic waves in different mediums is the base of ultra sound.

Why to go for Ultrasound?

Ultrasound is one of the main methods of diagnosis of breast diseases. Preference is given to ultra sounds in women under 40 years. It is known that breast tissue of a young woman is dense, and so ultrasound can provide important information about the tissue in those cases

Advantages of ultrasound?

Ultrasound is painless and harmless procedure. With the help of ultrasound extra diagnosis can be performed i.e. in fibrocystic disease one can observe and inspect thyroid gland, ovaries and liver. So additional information can be obtained at the same time.

In the mammary gland ultrasound can be used to determined benign and malignant tumors, and fibrocystic disease. It can provide as much information as can be carried out during mammography.

Biopsy

Biopsy is a process which involves removal of a suspected tissue for cytological and histological purposes. It can be as simple as just injecting a thin needle. Biopsy is considered as a main method for diagnosis and confirmation in modern oncology.

Mammography

Mammography – one of the main diagnostic procedures in the diagnosis of breast diseases, especially breast cancer, fibrocystic disease and fibroadenomas.

Mammography can be performed either in the presence of complaints or the presence of suspicious symptoms, defined by a physician and as a screening method. Screening – a method for early detection of malignant tumors, based on routine screening of women. Screening – mass method, ideally, all women after a certain age should undergo mammography. Only by this way one can detect tumors in most cases at an early stage. This in turn affects the period of treatment and life expectancy.

Tumor markers

Tumor markers – substances that distinguishes tumor in human blood. First of all, the products of tumor metabolism – “waste” of the tumor

How important are tumor markers in the diagnosis of breast cancer?

Mammography, ultrasound, cytology or histological examination in conjunction with a tour of the specialist approach for accurate diagnosis, tumor marking technique is used. Tumor markers can be used in the diagnosis of tumors, but more often they are used for screening tumor patients who received radical treatment. That is, after the radical treatment of certain tumor markers can identify early relapse (often much earlier than before clinical manifestations).

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